Robert Spencer, Not Peace but a Sword: The Great Chasm Between Christianity and Islam. San Diego: Catholic Answers, 2013, p.251.
By Scott Ventureyra
Robert Spencer is perhaps the most vocal Catholic critic of Islam and violent jihadism. He has authored various works critical of both Islam and the prophet Muhammad. He is also the founder and editor of JihadWatch.org. Despite the many efforts made to discredit him, he unflinchingly continues to expose the Islamic beliefs that threaten Western culture.
In this book, Spencer explores how Muslims not only understand their own faith, but the Christian faith as well, and how these understandings influence their attitudes towards Christians. He examines in particular the profound differences between Muslim and Catholic beliefs regarding God, Christ, justice, and morality.
In the first chapter, Spencer examines whether a sincere dialogue is feasible between Catholics and Muslims. He notes that, in the context of âecumenical jihadâ, jihad is taken to mean merely struggle, as opposed to warfare. Yet the latter is the most common meaning of the word jihad in the Qurâan.
More specifically, Spencer writes about the violent manifestations of jihad, which have resulted in tens of thousands of modern-day Christians being driven out of their lands or simply killed. He notes in particular how âhuman rights organizations give only perfunctory recognition to such outragesâ. These atrocities are part and parcel of a tradition going back to the prophet Mohammad, who âhimself made war against Christiansâ and whose jihadist successors âconquered and islamized the Christian lands of the Middle East, North Africa, and Spainâ in the 7th and 8th centuries.
Spencer goes on to discuss how the penalty for apostasy is deeply embedded into Islamic culture. Again, this is something that Muhammad himself commanded through the hadith Sahih al-Bukhari: âWhoever changed his Islamic religion, then kill him.â
In chapters three and four, Spencer discusses the significant differences between the Christian and Islamic conceptions of God and Christ. As portrayed in the Qurâan, Allah is not a father, and most certainly not the father of Jesus Christ. The Qurâan rejects the idea that God could be a divine father: âIt is not for God to take a son unto Him. Glory be to Him! When He decrees a thing, He but says to it âBe,â and it isâ (19:35). The Qurâan goes further to indicate that Allah cannot have a son because this would imply that he has a wife: âThe Creator of the heavens and the earth â how should He have a son, seeing that He has no consort, and He created all things, and He has knowledge of everything?â (6:101). Christians are warned to desist from saying that there are three divine Persons.
Even Jesusâ name is the object of major differences between Christians and Muslims. The latter refer to Jesus as Isa, which has a close resemblance to the name Esau. Christians who speak Arabic refer to Jesus as Yasua, which is similar to the Hebrew Yeshua or Joshua. Although the Qurâan affirms the virgin birth and many of the miracles of Christ, it repeatedly denies that Jesus is the son of God. The Qurâan keeps repeating that Allah does not have a son (2:116; 10:68; 18:4; 19:35; 43:81). Moreover, it denies one of the best attested historical facts of antiquity, that of the crucifixion of Christ (4:157). Spencer goes on to explain that, in Islamic theology, Jesus will wage war against Christianity at the end of times. He provides a quotation from the hadith Sahih al-Bukhari: âThe Hour will not be established until the son of Mary [Jesus] descends amongst you as a just ruler, he will break the cross, kill the pigs, and abolish the Jizya tax. Money will be in abundance so that nobody will accept it [as charitable gifts].â
Turning to issues of justice, Spencer argues that there are no moral absolutes in Islam. For example, a true Muslim should not honour his father and mother if they are infidels. In the words of the Qurâan: âO believers, fight the unbelievers who are near to you; and let them find in you a harshness; and know that God is with the godfearingâ (9:123). Also, taking âbootyâ in warfare against unbelievers is permissible (8:41). And infidels living in Muslim societies are to pay a tax or tribute (jizya) that does not apply to non-Muslims (9:29). Although the tax was abolished in 1856 within the Ottoman Empire, it âremains part of Islamic law as all eight of the schools of Islamic jurisprudence teach it.â This being said, there have been in recent years suggestions to reinstate the jizya in Iraq and Egypt.
In the final chapter, Spencer asks whether Muslims are generally interested in what he calls âan honest desire for dialogue?â He responds in the negative, explaining that most past attempts at advancing dialogue between Muslims and Christians have failed:
Such sessions often include a Muslim speaker downplaying the reality of jihad activity and Muslim persecution of Christians, and offering his Christian audience bland assurances that such things have nothing to do with authentic IslamâŠall of these attempts at âdialogueâ share several common characteristics, including most notably a downplaying and glossing-over of the differences between Christianity and Islam, an over-emphasis on the similarities between the two religions, and a call to Christians to abandon or modify certain of their core beliefs, while never budging an inch of on Islamic doctrines.
The root of Muslim resistance to genuine dialogue lies in the Qurâanâs prescriptions against Christians, which are generally viewed as despicable people:
[The Qurâan] teaches its followers to regard non-Muslims â especially those among the âPeople of the Bookâ who have rejected Muhammad, the Qurâan, and Islam â as the âworst of creaturesâ (Qurâan 98:6). They have no compelling interest to have good relations with them except so as to protect Muslim communities in non-Muslim countries. The Islamic imperative remains to make them Muslim or else make them âpay tribute out of handâ and be âhumbledâ (Qurâan 9:29).
Readers will also find of interest the epilogue which includes a debate between Peter Kreeft and Spencer, titled: âIs the Only Good Muslims a Bad Muslim?â Readers can decide for themselves which of the two has the better arguments.
Amidst the rise of ISIS and other militant Islamic groups who have been incessantly persecuting Christians throughout Africa, Asia and the Middle East, Not Peace but a Sword offers a most relevant message. Its greatest merit is that it will help Christians confront the popular yet pernicious belief that Islam is a religion of peace. While there certainly are many Muslims who seek to live in peace with non-Muslims, they do so not out of respect for their own religious tradition, but in spite of it.
Scott Ventureyra is a PhD Theology candidate at the Dominican University College in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. His PhD work involves the interaction between science and theology. His thesis research focuses on the Christian conception of God and creation in understanding the origins and emergence of consciousness. His research interests include systematic theology, science & theology, natural theology, philosophical theology and philosophy of mind. He is also a competitive tennis player and instructor.